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Rust嵌入式中如何使用中斷服務函數

Rust嵌入式 3星期前 77 閱讀 3 贊 3 收藏 0 評論

在 CPU 在正常執行指令序列時，當外部源（外設信號或GPIO引腳）或內部（指令異常、總線錯誤等）觸發 CPU 暫停當前工作，跳轉到相應的服務函數入口執行緊急任務。

對于每個中斷類型都需要指定一個中斷處理函數，這些中斷處理函數的地址組成中斷向量表，當發生中斷時，如果中斷使能，CPU 會自動跳轉的相應的中斷處理函數去執行中斷處理任務。

Py32f030 中斷

主要特性如下：

32 個可屏蔽的中斷通道（不包括 16 個 CPU 的中斷）
4 個可編程的優先級（2 位中斷優先級）

PY32F030 中斷向量地址

代碼實現

Py32f030 的內核為 Cortex-M0+ 內核，內核的標準中斷抽象在 cortex-m-rt，這部分的中斷抽象實現在文件：src/lib.rs

/* Exceptions */
#[doc(hidden)]
pubenum Exception {
    NonMaskableInt,

    // Not overridable
    // HardFault,
    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    MemoryManagement,

    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    BusFault,

    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    UsageFault,

    #[cfg(armv8m)]
    SecureFault,

    SVCall,

    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    DebugMonitor,

    PendSV,

    SysTick,
}

#[doc(hidden)]
pubuse self::Exception as exception;

extern"C" {
    fn Reset() -> !;

    fn NonMaskableInt();

    fn HardFaultTrampoline();

    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    fn MemoryManagement();

    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    fn BusFault();

    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    fn UsageFault();

    #[cfg(armv8m)]
    fn SecureFault();

    fn SVCall();

    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    fn DebugMonitor();

    fn PendSV();

    fn SysTick();
}

#[doc(hidden)]
pubunion Vector {
    handler: unsafeextern"C"fn(),
    reserved: usize,
}

#[doc(hidden)]
#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, link_section = ".vector_table.exceptions")]
#[no_mangle]
pubstatic __EXCEPTIONS: [Vector; 14] = [
    // Exception 2: Non Maskable Interrupt.
    Vector {
        handler: NonMaskableInt,
    },
    // Exception 3: Hard Fault Interrupt.
    Vector {
        handler: HardFaultTrampoline,
    },
    // Exception 4: Memory Management Interrupt [not on Cortex-M0 variants].
    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    Vector {
        handler: MemoryManagement,
    },
    #[cfg(armv6m)]
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    // Exception 5: Bus Fault Interrupt [not on Cortex-M0 variants].
    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    Vector { handler: BusFault },
    #[cfg(armv6m)]
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    // Exception 6: Usage Fault Interrupt [not on Cortex-M0 variants].
    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    Vector {
        handler: UsageFault,
    },
    #[cfg(armv6m)]
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    // Exception 7: Secure Fault Interrupt [only on Armv8-M].
    #[cfg(armv8m)]
    Vector {
        handler: SecureFault,
    },
    #[cfg(not(armv8m))]
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    // 8-10: Reserved
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    // Exception 11: SV Call Interrupt.
    Vector { handler: SVCall },
    // Exception 12: Debug Monitor Interrupt [not on Cortex-M0 variants].
    #[cfg(not(armv6m))]
    Vector {
        handler: DebugMonitor,
    },
    #[cfg(armv6m)]
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    // 13: Reserved
    Vector { reserved: 0 },
    // Exception 14: Pend SV Interrupt [not on Cortex-M0 variants].
    Vector { handler: PendSV },
    // Exception 15: System Tick Interrupt.
    Vector { handler: SysTick },
];

// If we are not targeting a specific device we bind all the potential device specific interrupts
// to the default handler
#[cfg(all(any(not(feature = "device"), test), not(armv6m)))]
#[doc(hidden)]
#[cfg_attr(cortex_m, link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts")]
#[no_mangle]
pubstatic __INTERRUPTS: [unsafeextern"C"fn(); 240] = [{
    extern"C" {
        fn DefaultHandler();
    }

    DefaultHandler
}; 240];

// ARMv6-M can only have a maximum of 32 device specific interrupts
#[cfg(all(not(feature = "device"), armv6m))]
#[doc(hidden)]
#[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
#[no_mangle]
pubstatic __INTERRUPTS: [unsafeextern"C"fn(); 32] = [{
    extern"C" {
        fn DefaultHandler();
    }

    DefaultHandler
}; 32];

Py32f030 的芯片中斷抽象在 PY32f030xx-pac 已經自動實現。

中斷向量表的定義在文件：src/lib.rs +35

#[cfg(feature = "rt")]
extern"C" {
    fn WWDG();
    fn PVD();
    fn RTC();
    fn FLASH();
    fn RCC();
    fn EXTI0_1();
    fn EXTI2_3();
    fn EXTI4_15();
    fn DMA_CHANNEL1();
    fn DMA_CHANNEL2_3();
    fn ADC_COMP();
    fn TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM();
    fn TIM1_CC();
    fn TIM3();
    fn TIM14();
    fn TIM16();
    fn TIM17();
    fn I2C1();
    fn SPI1();
    fn SPI2();
    fn USART1();
    fn USART2();
    fn LED();
}
#[doc(hidden)]
pubunion Vector {
    _handler: unsafeextern"C"fn(),
    _reserved: u32,
}
#[cfg(feature = "rt")]
#[doc(hidden)]
#[link_section = ".vector_table.interrupts"]
#[no_mangle]
pubstatic __INTERRUPTS: [Vector; 31] = [
    Vector { _handler: WWDG },
    Vector { _handler: PVD },
    Vector { _handler: RTC },
    Vector { _handler: FLASH },
    Vector { _handler: RCC },
    Vector { _handler: EXTI0_1 },
    Vector { _handler: EXTI2_3 },
    Vector { _handler: EXTI4_15 },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector {
        _handler: DMA_CHANNEL1,
    },
    Vector {
        _handler: DMA_CHANNEL2_3,
    },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector { _handler: ADC_COMP },
    Vector {
        _handler: TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM,
    },
    Vector { _handler: TIM1_CC },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector { _handler: TIM3 },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector { _handler: TIM14 },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector { _handler: TIM16 },
    Vector { _handler: TIM17 },
    Vector { _handler: I2C1 },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector { _handler: SPI1 },
    Vector { _handler: SPI2 },
    Vector { _handler: USART1 },
    Vector { _handler: USART2 },
    Vector { _reserved: 0 },
    Vector { _handler: LED },
];
#[doc = r"Enumeration of all the interrupts."]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(u16)]
pubenum Interrupt {
    #[doc = "0 - Window WatchDog Interrupt"]
    WWDG = 0,
    #[doc = "1 - PVD Interrupt through EXTI Lines 16"]
    PVD = 1,
    #[doc = "2 - RTC Interrupt through EXTI Lines 19"]
    RTC = 2,
    #[doc = "3 - FLASH global Interrupt"]
    FLASH = 3,
    #[doc = "4 - RCC global Interrupt"]
    RCC = 4,
    #[doc = "5 - EXTI Line 0 and 1 Interrupt"]
    EXTI0_1 = 5,
    #[doc = "6 - EXTI Line 2 and 3 Interrupt"]
    EXTI2_3 = 6,
    #[doc = "7 - EXTI Line 4 to 15 Interrupt"]
    EXTI4_15 = 7,
    #[doc = "9 - DMA Channel 1 Interrupt"]
    DMA_CHANNEL1 = 9,
    #[doc = "10 - DMA Channel 2 and Channel 3 Interrupt"]
    DMA_CHANNEL2_3 = 10,
    #[doc = "12 - ADC and COMP Interrupt through EXTI Lines 17 and 18"]
    ADC_COMP = 12,
    #[doc = "13 - TIM1 Break, Update, Trigger and Commutation Interrupt"]
    TIM1_BRK_UP_TRG_COM = 13,
    #[doc = "14 - TIM1 Capture Compare Interrupt"]
    TIM1_CC = 14,
    #[doc = "16 - TIM3 global Interrupt"]
    TIM3 = 16,
    #[doc = "19 - TIM14 global Interrupt"]
    TIM14 = 19,
    #[doc = "21 - TIM16 global Interrupt"]
    TIM16 = 21,
    #[doc = "22 - TIM17 global Interrupt"]
    TIM17 = 22,
    #[doc = "23 - I2C1 global Interrupt"]
    I2C1 = 23,
    #[doc = "25 - SPI1 global Interrupt"]
    SPI1 = 25,
    #[doc = "26 - SPI2 global Interrupt"]
    SPI2 = 26,
    #[doc = "27 - USART1 global Interrupt"]
    USART1 = 27,
    #[doc = "28 - USART2 global Interrupt"]
    USART2 = 28,
    #[doc = "30 - LED global Interrupt"]
    LED = 30,
}
unsafeimpl cortex_m::interrupt::InterruptNumber for Interrupt {
    #[inline(always)]
    fn number(self) -> u16 {
        selfasu16
    }
}

中斷服務函數的實現

盡管 PY32f030xx-pac crate 已經對所有的中斷進行了抽象，但對于中斷服務函數的實現只做了默認的空函數，如果需要重寫某個中斷服務函數，也非常簡單，與嵌入式 C 的方式原理一樣。中斷函數名必須與中斷向量表中預定的函數名保持一致，且添加屬性 #[interrupt]。如下所示展示串口1 和串口2的中斷服務函數：

use crate::pac::interrupt;

#[interrupt]
fn USART1() {
    critical_section::with(|cs| unsafe {
        EventFuture::::on_interrupt(cs, Id::USART1 asusize)
    })
}

#[interrupt]
fn USART2() {
    critical_section::with(|cs| unsafe {
        EventFuture::::on_interrupt(cs, Id::USART2 asusize)
    })
}

聲明：本內容為作者獨立觀點，不代表電子星球立場。未經允許不得轉載。授權事宜與稿件投訴，請聯系：editor@netbroad.com

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